A bagpipe player has died after his pipes grew mouldy, sparking a health warning about cleaning wind instruments.
The man is believed to have suffered lung damage after reacting to the pipes, which were found to have mould and fungi growing in them.
Now doctors writing in the journal Thorax have issued a warning to players, telling them clean instruments regularly to avoid "bagpipe lung".
The 61-year-old patient described in the journal practised every day and had been ill for a number of years.
Doctors realised the bagpipes might have been the cause of the problems when he travelled abroad for a few months without his instrument and his condition improved.
Inhaling pathogens had caused inflammation and eventually led to irreversible scarring.
Dr Jenny King, a member of the team at Wythenshawe Hospital in Manchester that treated the piper, told the BBC: "Sadly, in his case, the damage was fatal.
But she added: "If you can diagnose these problems early and remove the trigger then they can be treated and the prognosis is really good."
Musicians are urged to clean their instruments regularly and consider whether a cough or any breathlessness could be linked to their practice.
